Spain, officially known as the Kingdom of Spain, is a country largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe, with territories across the globe including the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, and two enclaves in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla. It is bordered by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay to the northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and northwest, Portugal to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and south. The country's mainland is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada mountain ranges, vast plateaus like the Meseta Central, and several major rivers such as the Ebro, Duero, Tagus, and Guadalquivir. Spain's rich history is marked by Roman, Muslim, and Christian influences, which have shaped its culture, architecture, and traditions. The capital and largest city, Madrid, is known for its cultural and artistic heritage, featuring landmarks like the Royal Palace and the Prado Museum. Barcelona, the second-largest city, is famed for its modernist architecture, particularly the works of Antoni Gaudí, such as the Sagrada Família. Spanish cuisine, with its emphasis on fresh ingredients and regional diversity, is another integral part of the country's identity, featuring dishes like paella, tapas, and gazpacho. Spain is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a hereditary monarchy and a bicameral parliament, the Cortes Generales. It is a member of the European Union, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and many other international organizations. The country's economy is the fourth-largest in the Eurozone, driven by sectors such as tourism, manufacturing, agriculture, and energy. Spain is also known for its festivals, such as La Tomatina and the Running of the Bulls, and its contribution to the arts, with figures like Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí being globally recognized. The Spanish climate varies from temperate in the north to dry and hot in the south, which, along with its historic sites and vibrant cities, makes Spain a popular destination for tourists from around the world. The official language is Spanish, with other regional languages like Catalan, Galician, and Basque also recognized. Spain's influence on global culture, its scenic beauty, and its dynamic society make it a unique and fascinating country with a rich tapestry of experiences for both residents and visitors.