Chikungunya Disease in Bangladesh

If you've recently moved to Bangladesh or are planning to, it's essential to be aware of Chikungunya Disease, spread by mosquitoes. This illness is frequently confused with the Zika Virus, and many suffer from persistent joint pain after recovering from the initial symptoms.

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne disease that has been a significant health concern in many parts of the world, including Bangladesh. The virus, which causes fever and severe joint pain, has been responsible for numerous outbreaks in the country, affecting thousands of people. This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the Chikungunya virus in Bangladesh, its symptoms, prevalence, prevention methods, and its impact on different age groups and those with compromised immunity.

What is Chikungunya Disease?

Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The symptoms usually begin 3–7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms include fever and severe joint pain, often in the hands and feet. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Most patients feel better within a week, but in some cases, the joint pain may persist for months or even years. Long-term effects may include joint pain and arthritis, which can be debilitating. There is no specific antiviral drug treatment for Chikungunya. Treatment is directed primarily at relieving the symptoms.

Where is Chikungunya Most Prevalent in Bangladesh?

Chikungunya virus was first identified in Bangladesh in 2008. Since then, it has caused several outbreaks, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas. The capital city, Dhaka, has been the most affected, with the highest number of reported cases. The densely populated urban areas with poor sanitation and stagnant water provide ideal breeding grounds for the Aedes mosquitoes, leading to a higher prevalence of the disease.

How do Expats in Bangladesh Prevent Mosquito Bites?

Preventing mosquito bites is the most effective way to avoid Chikungunya. Expats in Bangladesh are advised to use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and pants, and stay in places with air conditioning or that use window and door screens. It is also recommended to empty, clean or cover containers that can hold water, such as buckets, flower pots or tires, to eliminate mosquito breeding sites. Using mosquito nets, especially during daytime when Aedes mosquitoes are most active, can also help prevent bites.

What if I get Chikungunya Virus in Bangladesh?

If you get infected with the Chikungunya virus in Bangladesh, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. While there is no specific antiviral drug for Chikungunya, symptomatic treatment can help manage the symptoms. This includes rest, hydration, and medications to relieve fever and pain. It is also crucial to avoid mosquito bites during the first week of illness to prevent further spread of the virus.

Is Chikungunya Virus Contagious?

Chikungunya virus is not directly contagious from person to person. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. However, a mosquito can pick up the virus from an infected person and then spread it to other people. Therefore, an infected person should avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes, especially during the first week of illness when the virus is present in their blood.

Is Chikungunya Virus More Dangerous for Children, Elderly or Immune-Compromised?

While Chikungunya virus can infect individuals of all ages, severe disease is more likely in newborns exposed during delivery, older adults (over 65 years), and people with underlying medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or heart disease. These individuals are at a higher risk of developing complications and should seek medical attention immediately if they suspect they have been infected. Immune-compromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are also at a higher risk of severe disease.