Chikungunya Disease in Fiji

If you've recently moved to Fiji or are planning to, it's essential to be aware of Chikungunya Disease, spread by mosquitoes. This illness is frequently confused with the Zika Virus, and many suffer from persistent joint pain after recovering from the initial symptoms.

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne disease that has been a significant health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including Fiji. This article aims to provide comprehensive information about the Chikungunya virus in Fiji, its symptoms, prevalence, prevention methods, and its impact on different age groups and those with compromised immune systems.

What is Chikungunya Disease?

Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The symptoms usually begin 3–7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms include fever and severe joint pain, often in the hands and feet. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Most patients feel better within a week, but in some cases, the joint pain may persist for months or even years. Long-term effects can include chronic joint pain and neurological complications. There is no specific antiviral drug treatment for Chikungunya; treatment is directed primarily at relieving the symptoms.

Where is Chikungunya Most Prevalent in Fiji?

Chikungunya virus was first detected in Fiji in 2015. Since then, it has been reported in various parts of the country, particularly in densely populated areas and places with stagnant water bodies, which serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The Western Division, including Nadi and Lautoka, has reported a significant number of cases. However, the disease is not confined to these areas and can occur anywhere in Fiji where the vector mosquitoes are present.

How do Expats in Fiji Prevent Mosquito Bites?

Preventing mosquito bites is the most effective way to avoid Chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases. Expats in Fiji can take several measures to protect themselves. These include wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants, using mosquito repellents on exposed skin, and sleeping under mosquito nets or in rooms with window and door screens. It's also important to eliminate mosquito breeding sites by regularly emptying, cleaning or covering containers that can hold water, such as buckets, flower pots, or tyres.

What if I get Chikungunya Virus in Fiji?

If you suspect you have contracted the Chikungunya virus in Fiji, it's crucial to seek medical attention immediately. While there's no specific treatment for the disease, healthcare providers can help manage symptoms. Rest and hydration are also important. If you're visiting Fiji and contract the virus, it's advisable to inform your home country's health department upon return, as you could potentially introduce the virus to new areas through local mosquitoes.

Is Chikungunya Virus Contagious?

Chikungunya virus is not directly contagious from person to person. The virus requires a mosquito as a vector to transmit the disease. When a mosquito bites an infected person, it can pick up the virus and then spread it to other people through bites. However, it's important to note that the virus can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her newborn around the time of birth, and possibly through blood transfusions.

Is Chikungunya Virus More Dangerous for Children, Elderly or Immune-Compromised?

While Chikungunya virus can infect individuals of all ages, the disease tends to be more severe in infants, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. These individuals are more likely to experience complications, such as persistent joint pain, eye, neurological and heart complications. Therefore, it's particularly important for these high-risk groups to take preventive measures against mosquito bites.