10 Things to Know Before Moving to Nigeria

Welcome to the vibrant and diverse nation of Nigeria, a land rich in culture, history, and opportunity. As the most populous country in Africa, Nigeria offers a unique experience for expatriates looking to immerse themselves in its bustling cities, serene landscapes, and colorful traditions. However, before you pack your bags and embark on this exciting journey, there are several important factors to consider. From understanding the local customs to navigating the economic landscape, here are ten essential tips to help you prepare for your move to Nigeria.

1. Research the Visa and Residency Requirements

Before moving to Nigeria, it's crucial to understand the visa and residency requirements. Nigeria offers various types of visas, including tourist, business, and subject-to-regularization (STR) visas, which are for those intending to reside in Nigeria. STR visas are often the starting point for expats who plan to work in the country. You'll need an invitation from a Nigerian company or a government entity, and the process can be intricate, requiring various documents and sometimes a letter of expatriate quota. It's advisable to consult with the Nigerian embassy or consulate in your home country and possibly seek assistance from a legal expert to ensure a smooth transition.

2. Familiarize Yourself with the Local Culture and Etiquette

Nigeria is a tapestry of ethnic groups, languages, and traditions. It's important to respect and understand the local customs to integrate successfully into society. For instance, greetings are significant in Nigerian culture, and it's common to inquire about family and health before discussing business. Also, be aware of the predominantly conservative nature of the northern regions, which are influenced by Islamic traditions, compared to the more liberal southern parts. Learning a few phrases in the major languages, such as Hausa, Yoruba, or Igbo, can go a long way in showing respect and building rapport with locals.

3. Get Acquainted with the Cost of Living

The cost of living in Nigeria can vary greatly depending on the city and your lifestyle. Cities like Lagos and Abuja are known for their relatively high cost of living, especially in terms of housing and international schooling. However, local food and transportation can be quite affordable. It's advisable to create a budget that accounts for all potential expenses, including healthcare, utilities, and leisure activities. Expats often find that shopping at local markets and eating at traditional restaurants can help stretch their budget further while providing an authentic Nigerian experience.

4. Understand the Healthcare System

Nigeria's healthcare system is a mix of public and private facilities. While there are some high-quality private hospitals and clinics, particularly in major cities, the public healthcare system may not always meet the standards expatriates are accustomed to. Therefore, it's essential to have comprehensive health insurance that covers medical evacuation in case of serious illness or injury. Many expats also choose to travel to South Africa or Europe for more complex medical procedures. Always keep a list of reputable healthcare providers and ensure you have access to necessary medications.

5. Be Prepared for the Climate

Nigeria's climate varies from the coastal south, with its humid tropical weather, to the arid regions in the north. Understanding the local climate will help you pack appropriately and adjust your lifestyle. For example, in the southern city of Lagos, lightweight clothing and rain gear are essential due to the hot, humid weather and the rainy season from April to July and October to November. Conversely, in the northern city of Kano, the climate is drier, and temperatures can soar, so sun protection and hydration are key.

6. Explore Housing Options Carefully

Finding the right accommodation is crucial when moving to Nigeria. In major cities, gated communities and compounds with security are popular among expatriates for their safety and amenities. It's common for landlords to request rent payments one to two years in advance, so be prepared for this significant upfront cost. Additionally, consider the proximity to work, international schools, and healthcare facilities when choosing your home. Engaging a reputable real estate agent can help you navigate the housing market and find a place that meets your needs and budget.

7. Be Aware of Security Concerns

Security is a significant consideration in Nigeria. While many expats live safely in the country, it's important to stay informed about the security situation, especially in areas prone to unrest or crime. Employing private security services, avoiding travel to high-risk regions, and keeping a low profile are common practices among the expatriate community. Always stay updated with advice from your embassy and be vigilant about your personal safety and belongings.

8. Embrace the Local Cuisine and Markets

Nigerian cuisine is flavorful and diverse, with dishes like jollof rice, suya (spicy grilled meat), and pounded yam with egusi soup. Embracing the local food is not only a delightful experience but also an opportunity to connect with Nigerian culture. Visit local markets to discover fresh produce and learn about the ingredients used in Nigerian cooking. Many expats find that cooking Nigerian dishes at home or sharing meals with local friends enhances their understanding and appreciation of the culture.

9. Prepare for the Traffic and Transportation

Transportation can be a challenge in Nigeria, particularly in congested cities like Lagos. Traffic jams, known locally as "go-slows," are common, and it can take hours to travel short distances. Many expats choose to hire drivers to navigate the chaotic traffic and avoid the stress of driving. Alternatively, ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt are available in major cities and can be a convenient option. Always plan your travel with traffic in mind and allow extra time to reach your destination.

10. Connect with the Expat Community

Joining the expatriate community can provide valuable support and friendship during your time in Nigeria. Expats often share insights on living and working in the country, and many cities have clubs and associations that organize social events and activities. Connecting with fellow expatriates can help ease the transition, offer a sense of familiarity, and provide a network for advice on day-to-day challenges. Don't hesitate to reach out and engage with this vibrant community as you embark on your Nigerian adventure.

Moving to Nigeria is an adventure filled with opportunities for personal and professional growth. By keeping these ten tips in mind, you'll be better prepared to navigate the complexities of expatriate life in this dynamic country. Embrace the experience with an open mind and a flexible attitude, and you'll find that Nigeria has much to offer.