Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China (ROC), is an East Asian state located on the island of Taiwan, as well as numerous smaller islands. The main island, which is shaped somewhat like a sweet potato, lies off the southeastern coast of China, separated from the mainland by the Taiwan Strait. The island features a dynamic cultural landscape that blends traditional Chinese, Japanese, and indigenous influences, reflecting its complex history of settlement and colonial rule. Taipei, the capital, is a bustling metropolis known for its lively street-food scene and night markets, as well as landmarks like Taipei 101, once the world's tallest building. Taiwan's geography is marked by two-thirds mountainous terrain, with a range of peaks that continue to be a draw for hikers and nature enthusiasts. The central mountain range bisects the island, leading to a distinct climate and biodiversity between the eastern and western parts of the island. The east coast is known for its scenic beauty, with cliffs and mountains dropping off into the Pacific Ocean, while the west coast is more urbanized and flat, hosting most of the island's population and agricultural land. Taiwan is also known for its technological industries and is a global leader in semiconductor manufacturing. Despite its economic successes, Taiwan faces international political challenges, particularly with regard to its political status and relationship with the People's Republic of China, which claims Taiwan as part of its territory. The island has a vibrant democracy, with a political landscape that includes a strong push for the preservation of its de facto independence and democratic values. Taiwan's culture is rich with traditional festivals, such as the Lantern Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival, and it is also known for its conservation efforts, particularly with regard to its endangered species and national parks. The island's cuisine is diverse, with dishes like beef noodle soup, bubble tea, and an array of seafood being popular among locals and visitors alike. Taiwan's education system is highly regarded, and the island is home to several prestigious universities. The healthcare system is also notable, providing high-quality medical services to its citizens. Overall, Taiwan is a place of contrasts, where modernity meets tradition, and natural beauty coexists with urban development.