Thailand, officially known as the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia known for its tropical beaches, opulent royal palaces, ancient ruins, and ornate temples displaying figures of Buddha. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Thailand's diverse landscapes range from the mountainous regions of the north to the fertile rice fields of the central plains, the semi-arid farm lands of the northeast plateau, and the rugged coasts along the narrow southern peninsula. The country's culture is heavily influenced by Buddhism, which is practiced by the majority of the population. Bangkok, the capital, is a modern city with a notable cultural heritage, vibrant street life, and iconic temples like Wat Arun, Wat Pho, and the Emerald Buddha Temple (Wat Phra Kaew). Other major cities include Chiang Mai in the north, known for its historic temples and night markets, and Pattaya in the southeast, famous for its resorts and nightlife. Thailand's economy is one of the largest in Southeast Asia, with tourism playing a significant role, alongside exports of goods such as rice, textiles, and electronics. The country is known for its festivals, including the water festival Songkran, and its cuisine, which is characterized by bold flavors and a balance of sweet, sour, salty, and spicy elements. Thailand's natural attractions, including national parks like Khao Yai and marine parks such as the Similan Islands, are major draws for both domestic and international tourists. The country's history is marked by several kingdoms and dynasties, with the current Chakri dynasty having ruled since 1782. Thailand is the only Southeast Asian nation never to have been colonized by a European power, maintaining its independence throughout the colonial period. The nation has a constitutional monarchy, with a long history of political instability and coups, but it remains a popular destination for travelers due to its rich culture, natural beauty, and friendly people.