Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the Irish Sea to the southwest. Scotland includes over 790 islands, among which the Hebrides and the Orkneys are the most significant. The country's landscape is famously varied, ranging from rolling hills and open plains in the Lowlands, to rugged highlands and deep valleys in the Highlands, and includes the famous Loch Ness, known for the legendary monster Nessie. Scotland's climate is generally cool and very changeable, with abundant rainfall. Edinburgh, the capital, is known for its historic and cultural attractions, including the Edinburgh Castle and the annual Edinburgh Festival. Glasgow, the largest city, is renowned for its vibrant cultural scene and rich industrial history. Scotland has a rich heritage of music, folklore, and cuisine, with haggis being one of its most famous dishes. The country is also known for its contributions to literature, philosophy, education, and science, historically being home to figures such as the poet Robert Burns, the philosopher David Hume, and the inventor Alexander Graham Bell. Scotland has a strong identity and a distinct legal, educational, and religious systems separate from those of the rest of the UK. The Scottish Parliament, established in 1999, has broad powers over domestic policy, including health, education, and transportation. The country's economy is diverse, with key sectors including oil and gas, whisky, tourism, and renewable energy. Scotland is also famous for its many historic golf courses, including St Andrews, considered the "home of golf." The Scottish people are known for their warmth and hospitality, and the country's cultural calendar is packed with festivals and events celebrating everything from traditional Celtic music to contemporary art. Scotland's natural beauty, with its lochs, rivers, and dramatic coastline, is a major draw for visitors and provides a stunning backdrop for outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and water sports. The country's history is rich with tales of clans, battles, and ancient traditions, and its many castles and historical sites attract those interested in exploring Scotland's past.