France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain, and Andorra. France is known for its rich history, culture, and significant influence on art, science, and philosophy. It is the world's most popular tourist destination, receiving around 89 million foreign tourists annually pre-pandemic. Paris, France's capital, is famed for its fashion houses, classical art museums including the Louvre, and monuments like the Eiffel Tower. The country is also renowned for its wines and sophisticated cuisine. French is the official language, and the country is a semi-presidential republic. France is a founding member of the United Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council. It is also a member of the European Union, the Eurozone, and the Schengen Area. The geography of France is diverse, with beaches along the coastlines, including the famous French Riviera, and mountain ranges such as the Alps and Pyrenees. The French countryside is dotted with quaint villages and sprawling vineyards, and the nation has several major rivers, including the Seine, the Loire, the Garonne, and the Rhône. The climate varies from region to region but can be categorized mainly as temperate with mild winters and warm summers in most parts of the country, although the coastal regions enjoy a Mediterranean climate. France has a strong economy, being one of the world's largest, and its influence spans across various sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and luxury goods. The country is also a global leader in the field of education and boasts several top-ranking universities and research institutions. France's political system has a significant impact on both European and global affairs, and its cultural heritage continues to be celebrated around the world. The French are known for their protection of the French language and promotion of "Francophonie" as a global community of French-speaking peoples. With its blend of historical legacy and contemporary innovation, France remains a key player on the international stage and a country of enduring fascination and allure.