Zika Virus in Nigeria

In Nigeria, residents face concerns related to the Zika Virus transmitted by mosquitoes. Pregnant women, in particular, need to be aware of the risks associated with contracting Zika during their pregnancy. Discover ways to minimize exposure and steps to take if you contract the virus.

The Zika virus, a mosquito-borne disease, has been a significant health concern in many parts of the world, including Nigeria. This article aims to provide comprehensive information about the Zika virus in Nigeria, its symptoms, prevalence, and its impact on specific demographics such as pregnant women and the elderly. It also offers insights into preventive measures, particularly for expatriates living in Nigeria.

What is Zika Virus?

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne disease primarily transmitted by the Aedes species of mosquito. Symptoms typically include mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, or headache. These symptoms usually last for 2-7 days. However, many people infected with Zika virus won't have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. In rare cases, Zika virus infection can lead to severe disease and death. Long-term effects can include neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathy and myelitis. In pregnant women, it can cause congenital Zika syndrome in their babies, a pattern of birth defects that includes brain abnormalities, vision problems, hearing loss, and growth problems.

Where is Zika Most Prevalent in Nigeria?

Zika virus was first discovered in Nigeria in the 1950s. However, the prevalence of the virus varies across the country. The virus is more prevalent in tropical regions where the Aedes mosquito thrives. These regions include the southern parts of Nigeria, particularly in states like Lagos, Rivers, and Cross River. However, it's important to note that the virus can be found in other parts of the country as well, especially during the rainy season when mosquitoes are more active.

Zika Virus and Pregnancy

Zika virus poses a significant risk to pregnant women and their unborn babies. If a pregnant woman is infected, the virus can cause congenital Zika syndrome, which includes severe birth defects like microcephaly (a condition where a baby's head is significantly smaller than expected), brain damage, vision and hearing loss, and growth problems. Pregnant women in Nigeria, especially those in high-risk areas, are advised to take preventive measures against mosquito bites and seek immediate medical attention if they exhibit symptoms of the virus.

How do Expats in Nigeria Prevent Mosquito Bites?

Expatriates living in Nigeria can take several measures to prevent mosquito bites and reduce their risk of contracting the Zika virus. These include using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants, staying in places with window and door screens or air conditioning, and sleeping under a mosquito bed net. It's also advisable to eliminate mosquito breeding sites around living areas by regularly emptying, covering, or treating any items that hold water.

What if I get Zika Virus in Nigeria?

If you get infected with the Zika virus in Nigeria, it's crucial to seek medical attention immediately. While there's no specific treatment for the virus, symptoms can be managed with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications for fever and pain. Avoiding mosquito bites during the first week of infection can also help prevent the virus from spreading to others.

Is Zika Virus Contagious?

Zika virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. However, it can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus, through sexual contact, and through blood transfusion. It's not spread directly from person to person through casual contact. Therefore, while it's contagious in certain circumstances, it's not contagious in the way that diseases like the flu or common cold are.

Is Zika Virus More Dangerous for Children, Elderly or Immune-Compromised?

While Zika virus typically causes mild symptoms in most people, certain groups may be at higher risk for severe illness. This includes individuals with weakened immune systems, the elderly, and children, particularly newborns of mothers infected with the virus during pregnancy. These groups should take extra precautions to avoid mosquito bites and potential infection.