10 Things to Know Before Moving to Turkmenistan

Welcome to the land of the Karakum Desert, ancient cities, and the famous Akhal-Teke horses. If you're considering a move to Turkmenistan, there are a few things you should know before packing your bags. This Central Asian country offers a unique blend of history and modernity, but it also comes with its own set of challenges and cultural nuances. Here are ten essential tips to help you prepare for your new adventure as an expat in Turkmenistan.

1. Visa and Residence Permit Requirements

Before you can enjoy the wonders of Turkmenistan, you'll need to navigate its visa and residence permit system. Turkmenistan has a stringent visa policy, and most foreigners require a visa to enter. You'll likely need an invitation letter, and upon arrival, you must register with the State Migration Service. It's crucial to keep your documentation up-to-date to avoid any legal issues. Make sure to start this process well in advance of your move, as bureaucratic procedures can be time-consuming.

2. Understanding the Language Barrier

While Turkmen is the official language, you'll find Russian widely spoken, especially among the older population and within the expat community. However, don't expect everyone to speak English. Learning basic Turkmen or Russian phrases can significantly ease your daily life and help you connect with locals. Consider taking language classes or using language learning apps to build your skills before and after your arrival.

3. The Housing Market

Finding accommodation in Turkmenistan can be a challenge, particularly in Ashgabat, where most expats reside. The city is known for its white marble buildings and high property prices. Renting can be expensive, and options may be limited. It's advisable to secure a housing allowance in your employment contract or seek assistance from a local real estate agent who understands the market and can navigate the legalities of renting in Turkmenistan.

4. Cultural Sensitivity and Local Laws

Respect for local customs and laws is paramount in Turkmenistan. The country has a predominantly Muslim population, and it's important to dress modestly and behave respectfully, especially during religious holidays. Be aware of local laws that may seem unusual, such as the ban on smoking in public places or the prohibition of driving black cars (a law that has been enforced in Ashgabat). Familiarize yourself with these regulations to avoid unintentional offenses.

5. The Climate Can Be Extreme

Prepare for a climate of extremes. Turkmenistan's desert landscape means scorching hot summers and cold winters. In summer, temperatures can soar above 40°C (104°F), while in winter, they can drop below freezing. Ensure your home has both air conditioning and heating, and pack your wardrobe accordingly. Staying hydrated and protecting yourself from the sun are essential during the hotter months.

6. Healthcare Considerations

The healthcare system in Turkmenistan may not meet the standards you're accustomed to. Public medical facilities are often under-equipped, and while there are private clinics with English-speaking staff, they can be expensive. It's wise to have comprehensive health insurance that covers medical evacuation in case of serious illness or injury. Also, bring a supply of any prescription medications you need, as they may not be readily available locally.

7. The Importance of Personal Connections

In Turkmenistan, personal relationships can be key to navigating everyday life. Building a network of local friends and expat acquaintances can provide invaluable support. These connections can help you find housing, understand bureaucratic processes, and even secure goods that might be scarce. Don't underestimate the power of a good relationship; it can open doors that would otherwise remain closed.

8. Internet Access and Censorship

Internet access in Turkmenistan is limited and subject to government censorship. Many social media platforms and news sites are blocked, and internet speeds can be frustratingly slow. Consider using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to bypass restrictions, but be aware of the legal implications. Staying informed about the local digital landscape will help you manage your expectations and communications with the outside world.

9. Transportation Within the Country

Public transportation in Turkmenistan is not as developed as in many other countries. While there are buses and a limited number of taxis, many expats choose to drive. However, driving in Turkmenistan can be an adventure in itself, with local driving habits and road conditions that may differ from what you're used to. If you decide to drive, ensure you have the proper documentation and familiarize yourself with local traffic laws.

10. Embracing the Local Cuisine and Lifestyle

Finally, immerse yourself in the local culture by trying traditional Turkmen cuisine, which is rich in meats, rice, and vegetables. Dishes like plov (a rice dish with meat and carrots) and shurpa (a hearty soup) are staples. Be open to invitations to dine with locals, as sharing a meal is a significant part of Turkmen hospitality. Embracing the local lifestyle, with its slower pace and community focus, can lead to a fulfilling expat experience.

Moving to Turkmenistan will undoubtedly be an adventure filled with learning and growth. By keeping these ten tips in mind, you'll be better prepared to navigate the complexities and joys of your new life in this unique and culturally rich country.